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FILM kartun adalah film yang menawarkan imajinasi bagi penonton TV kelompok umur anak-anak. Sayangnya imajinasi yang mereka nikmati ‘kadang-kadang’ atau bahkan lebih sering tidak masuk akal atau tidak logis. Alih-alih mendidik, film kartun seperti ini justru dapat menyesatkan anak bahkan dalam tingkat yang lebih berat bisa membuat anak celaka.
Walau demikian, ada beberapa film kartun yang cukup mendidik. Misalnya Dora the Explorer dan Go Diego Go. Film yang tayang berbahasa Indonesia ini (bahasa aslinya adalah Spanyol atau Inggris) bercerita tentang tokoh anak yang penuh rasa ingin tahu, pemberani dan penyayang binatang. Kedua film kartun ini juga sangat diminati di kalangan anak-anak berusia sekitar 4 tahun.
Metode penyampaian pesannya sederhana dan juga variatif, dikemas dalam berbagai cerita yang menarik minat anak-anak. Memberi pemahaman mengenai berbagai hal seperti bentuk, warna, angka-angka, kata-kata, binatang, tumbuh-tumbuhan dan sebagainya
Kota Banda Aceh adalah salah satu kota sekaligus ibukotaAceh, Indonesia. Dahulu kota ini bernama Kutaraja, kemudian sejak 28 Desember 1962 namanya diganti menjadi Banda Aceh. Sebagai pusat pemerintahan, Banda Aceh menjadi pusat segala kegiatan ekonomi, politik, sosial, dan budaya.
Sejarah
Kota yang telah berumur 796 tahun ini - berdasarkan Peraturan Daerah Aceh Nomor 5 Tahun 1988, tanggal 22 April1205 ditetapkan sebagai tanggal keberadaan kota tersebut.Cheng Ho pernah singgah di Banda Aceh dalam ekspedisi pertamanya setelah singgah di Palembang.Pada tanggal 26 Desember2004, kota ini dilanda gelombang pasang tsunami yang diakibatkan oleh gempa 9 Skala Richter di Samudera Indonesia. Bencana ini menelan ratusan ribu jiwa penduduk dan menghancurkan lebih dari 60% bangunan kota ini. Hingga kini belum diketahui berapa jumlah pasti penduduk Banda Aceh pasca tsunami.
Walikota
Walikota Banda Aceh yang sekarang adalah Mawardi Nurdin. Ia terpilih dalam Pilkada pada 11 Desember 2006, yang berpasangan dengan Illiza Saaduddin Djamal (politisi Partai Persatuan Pembangunan). Sebelumnya, Mawardi yang merupakan Kepala Dinas Perkotaan dan Permukiman Kota Banda Aceh, juga pernah menjabat sebagai Pejabat Sementara (PjS) Walikota Banda Aceh yang dilantik Wakil Gubernur Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Azwar Abubakar pada 8 Februari2005. Pelantikan itu sesuai dengan keputusan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 131.21/52/2005 tentang Pemberhentian dan Pengangkatan Walikota Banda Aceh. Mawardi Nurdin menjabat sebagai Walikota Banda Aceh setelah walikota sebelumnya Syarifudin Latief dipastikan meninggal dunia akibat bencana tsunami. Dalam surat keputusan itu juga disebutkan masa menjabat sebagai PjS Walikota Banda Aceh paling lama enam bulan sejak pelantikan.
A corporation needs capital in order to start up, operate, and expand its business. The process of acquiring this capital is known as financing. A corporation uses two basic types of financing and debt dinancing. Equity financing refers to funds that are invested by owners of the corporation. Debt financing, on the hand, refers to funds that are borrowed ffrom sources outside the corporation.
Equity financing (obtaining owner funds) can be exemplified by the sale of corporate stock. In this types of transaction, the corporation sells units of ownership known as shares of stack. Each share entitles the purchaser to a certain amount of ownership. For example, if someone buys 100 shares of stock from ford Motor Company, that person has purchased 100 shares worth of For’ds recources, materials, plants, production, and profits. The person who purchases shares of stock is known as a stockholder or shareholder.
All corporations, regardless of their size, receive their starting capital from issuing and selling shares of stock. The initial sales involve some risk on the part of the buyers because the corporation has no record of performance. If the corporation is successful, the stockholder may profit thorough increased valuation of the shares of stock, as well as by receiving dividens. Dividens are propotional amounts of profit ussualy paid quarterly to stockholders. However, if the corporation is not successful. The stockholder may take a severe loss on the initial stock investment.
Often equity financing does not provide the corporation with enough capital and it must turn to debt financing, or borrowing funds. One example of debt financing is the sale corporation bonds. In this type of agreement, the corporation borrows money from an investor in return for a bond. The bond has a maturity date, a deadline when the corporation must repay all of the money it has borrowed. The corporation must also make periodic interest payments to the bondholder during the time the money is borrowed. If these obligations are not met, the corporation can be forced to sell its assets in order to make payments to the bondholders.
All business need financial support. Equity financing (as in the sale of stock) and debt financing (as in the sale of bonds) provide important means by which a corporation may obtain its capital.
Managers perform various functions, but one of the most important and least understood aspects of their job is proper utilization of people. Research reveals that worker performance is closely related to motivation; thus keeping employees motivated is an essential component of good management. In a business context, motivation refers to the stimul that directs the behaviour of workers toward the company goals. In order to motivate workers to achieve company goals, managers must be aware of their needs.
Many managers believe workers will be motivated tlo achieve organizational goals by satisfying their fundamental needs for material survival. These needs include a good salary, safe working conditions, and job security. While absence of these factors results in poor morale and dissatisfaction, studies have shown that their presence results only in maintenance of exiting attitudes and job security do not provide the primary motivation for many workers in highly industrialized societies, especially at the proppesional or technical levels.
Increased motivation is more likely to occur when work meets the needs of individuals for learning, self-realzation, and personal growth. By responding to personal needs –the desire for responsibility, recognition, growth, promotion, and more interesting work –managers have altered conditions in the workplace and, consequently, many employees are motivated to perform more effectively.
In an attempt to appeal to both the fundamental and personal needs of workers, innovative management approaches, such as job enrichment and job enlargement, have been adopted in many organizations. Job enrichment gives, workers more authority in making decisions related to planning and doing their work. A wolker might assume responsibility for scheduling work flow, checiking quality of work producerd, or making sure deadlines are met. Job enlargement increases the number of tasks workers perform by allowing them to rotate positions or by giving them responsibility for doing several jobs. Rather than assembling just one component of an automobile, factory workers might be grouped together and given responsibility for assembling the entire fuel system.
By improving the quality of work life through satifaction of fundamental and personal employee needs, managers attempt to direct the behaviour of workers toward the company goals.
One of the primary considerations when going into business is money. Without sufficient funds a company cannot begin operations. The money needed to start and continue operating a buseness is known as capital. A new business needs capital not only for ongoing expenses but also for purchasing necessary assets. These assets-inventories, equipment, buildings, and property-representan investment of capital in the new business.
How this new company obtains and uses money will, in large measure, determine its success. The process of managing this acquired capital is known as financial management. In general, finance is securing and utilizing capital to start up, operate, and expand a company.
To start up or begin business, a company needs funds to purchase essential assets, support research and development, and buy materials for production. Capital is also needed for salaries, credit extension to consumers, advertising, insurance, and many other day-to-day operations. In addition, financing is essential for growth and expansion of a company. Because of competition in the market, capital needs to be invested in developing new product lines and production techniques and in acquiring assets for future expansion.
In financing business operations and expansion, a business uses both shortterm and long-term capital. A company, much like an individual, utilizies shortterm capital to pay for items that last a relatively short period of time. An individual uses credit cards or charge accounts for items such as clothing or food, while a company seeks short-term financing for salaries and office expenses. On the other hand, an individual uses long-term capital such as a bank loan to pay for a home or car-goods that will last a long time. Similarly, a company seeks long-term financing to pay for new assets that are expected to last many years.
When a company obtains capital from external sources, the financing can be either on a short-term or a long-term arrangement. Generally, short-term financing must be repaid in less than one year, while long-term financing can be repaid over a longer period of time.
Finance involves the securing of funds for all phases of business operations. In obtaining and using this capital, the decisions made by managers affect the overall finance success of a company.
